PSI Sci
New here? Follow the money and the votes · Not sure of your district? Find your U.S. House member · Find your state legislators

H.R. 6395: William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021

Before you vote › Federal bills

H.R. 6395: William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021

116th Congress · introduced 2020-03-26 · Armed Forces and National Security · Latest: Message on Senate action sent to the House.

AI-relatedfederal

Follow this bill, step by step

  1. Where it came from: introduced 2020-03-26 · official record
  2. Who proposed it: Rep. Smith, Adam [D-WA-9] · what a sponsor is
  3. What happened next: 20 recorded votes in our records. Latest: Senate vote 291 (2020): On the Cloture Motion, HR6395 (2021-01-01), Cloture Motion Agreed to. See all
  4. Where it stands now: Message on Senate action sent to the House. Not final yet: this can still change. We check for updates every day.
  5. If it becomes law and spends money: follow the money to money laws, then agencies and contracts and grants.

What does this mean?

Official title

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021

Plain summary

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 This bill authorizes FY2021 appropriations and sets forth policies for the Department of Defense (DOD) and other programs and activities. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation. The bill authorizes appropriations to DOD for Procurement, including aircraft, weapons and tracked combat vehicles, shipbuilding and conversion, and missiles; Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation; Operation and Maintenance; Working Capital Funds; Chemical Agents and Munitions Destruction; Drug Interdiction and Counter-Drug Activities; the Defense Inspector General; the National Defense Sealift Fund; the Defense Health Program; the Armed Forces Retirement Home; the Space Force; Overseas Contingency Operations; and Military Construction. The bill also authorizes the FY2021 personnel strengths for active duty and reserve forces and sets forth policies regarding military personnel; acquisition policy and management; international programs; National Guard and Reserve Force facilities; compensation and other personnel benefits; health care; matters relating to COVID-19 (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019); DOD organization and management; civilian personnel matters; matters relating to foreign nations; and strategic programs, space activities, cyber operations, and intelligence matters. The bill authorizes appropriations for base realignment and closure activities, and maritime matters. The bill authorizes appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Energy national security programs, including the National Nuclear Security Administration. The bill also sets forth policies regarding certain federal activities related to artificial intelligence, including implementation by the President of a National Artificial Intelligence Initiative to support research and development, education, and training programs. The bill establishes measures related to financial intelligence, anti-money laundering, and countering the financing of terrorism. These include expanding information sharing requirements among agencies that are tasked with administering efforts to counter money laundering and the financing of terrorism, as well as authorizing training and technical assistance to facilitate these measures. The bill reauthorizes and sets forth policies for the Coast Guard, including measures related to its personnel and organization. It also addresses other maritime matters such as navigation, shipping, and ports. Further, the bill sets forth policies for and addresses additional matters related to homeland security; veterans affairs; communications; intelligence; science, space, and technology; natural resources; oversight and reform; financial services; and semiconductor production. For more detailed information, see Congressional Research Service Report R46714 , FY2021 National Defense Authorization Act: Context and Selected Issues for Congress ; Congressional Research Service In Focus IF10515 , Defense Primer: The NDAA Process ; and Congressional Research Service In Focus IF10516 , Defense Primer: Navigating the NDAA .

Congressional Research Service summary (Public Law), quoted unchanged (nonpartisan). Read the source.

What a vote does

A “Yea” vote

If it passes both chambers and is signed, it becomes law.

A “Nay” vote

If it is not passed, current law stays as it is.

PSI Sci description of the legislative step (not an opinion).

What does this mean? (plain words)

Official text

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021

Source: Congressional Research Service summary (Public Law)

AI explanation – may be wrong, check the official text

No AI explanation yet. It takes up to a minute to write and is then saved for everyone.

Limited to a few requests an hour per person.

The strongest published arguments

Arguments for (supporters)

Needs sources: no published arguments on this side yet. We only show items backed by a published source. Suggest one.

Arguments against (opponents)

Needs sources: no published arguments on this side yet. We only show items backed by a published source. Suggest one.

Alternatives

Needs sources: no published alternatives yet (for example a different bill, a law instead of an amendment, or keeping current law). We only show items backed by a published source. Suggest one.

How did my representative vote? · This bill's floor votes

Officials and money

Sponsor: Rep. Smith, Adam [D-WA-9] · 1 cosponsors

Cost estimate: CBO cost estimate: H.R. 6395, the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (2020-07-09); CBO cost estimate: H.R. 6395, the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (2020-07-16); CBO cost estimate: H.R. 6395, the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (2020-11-02); CBO cost estimate: Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Effects of H.R. 6395, the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (2020-12-07); CBO cost estimate: Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Effects of H.R. 6395, the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (2020-12-07)

Cosponsors on this site

Sponsor's campaign money: Rep. Smith, Adam [D-WA-9] reported raising $2.2 million (2025–2026). Details. Shown for context only; it does not mean any donor supported this bill.

Recorded votes

Words on this page, explained (7)
Appropriation
Money a legislature sets aside by law for a specific purpose. Government agencies may spend public money only as it has been appropriated.
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Computer systems that do tasks that usually need human judgment, such as recognizing images, understanding language or making predictions. Laws about AI often cover how it is used, tested, disclosed or limited.
Authorization
A law that creates or continues a government program and says what it may do, often with a suggested spending ceiling. An authorization alone does not provide money; a separate appropriation does.
Ballot initiative
A proposed law or constitutional amendment that citizens place on the ballot by gathering enough voter signatures, so voters decide it directly. About half the states allow some form of it.
Bill
A proposed law. It becomes law only if it passes the legislature and is signed by the president or governor (or a veto is overridden).
Fiscal year
The 12-month period a government uses for its budget. The federal fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30 and is named for the calendar year in which it ends. Most states use July 1 to June 30.
Securities
Financial investments that can be bought and sold, such as stocks and bonds.

Plain meanings written from linked sources. All words.

Sources

Record fed-us-cong116-hr6395 · catalog fed-us-congress-bills-cong116 · updated 2026-11-15 by psicol fed-bills-cong116